Create Python apps using SQL Server on macOS. This section, you will get SQL Server 2017 running on Docker. After that you will install the necessary dependencies to create Python apps with SQL Server. Step 1.1 Install SQL Server. Make sure to use a strong password with special characters.

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Bob Savage <bobsavage@mac.com>

Python on a Macintosh running Mac OS X is in principle very similar to Python onany other Unix platform, but there are a number of additional features such asthe IDE and the Package Manager that are worth pointing out.

4.1. Getting and Installing MacPython¶

Mac OS X 10.8 comes with Python 2.7 pre-installed by Apple. If you wish, youare invited to install the most recent version of Python 3 from the Pythonwebsite (https://www.python.org). A current “universal binary” build of Python,which runs natively on the Mac’s new Intel and legacy PPC CPU’s, is availablethere.

What you get after installing is a number of things:

  • A Python3.8 folder in your Applications folder. In hereyou find IDLE, the development environment that is a standard part of officialPython distributions; and PythonLauncher, which handles double-clicking Pythonscripts from the Finder.

  • A framework /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework, which includes thePython executable and libraries. The installer adds this location to your shellpath. To uninstall MacPython, you can simply remove these three things. Asymlink to the Python executable is placed in /usr/local/bin/.

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The Apple-provided build of Python is installed in/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework and /usr/bin/python,respectively. You should never modify or delete these, as they areApple-controlled and are used by Apple- or third-party software. Remember thatif you choose to install a newer Python version from python.org, you will havetwo different but functional Python installations on your computer, so it willbe important that your paths and usages are consistent with what you want to do.

IDLE includes a help menu that allows you to access Python documentation. If youare completely new to Python you should start reading the tutorial introductionin that document.

If you are familiar with Python on other Unix platforms you should read thesection on running Python scripts from the Unix shell.

4.1.1. How to run a Python script¶

Your best way to get started with Python on Mac OS X is through the IDLEintegrated development environment, see section The IDE and use the Help menuwhen the IDE is running.

If you want to run Python scripts from the Terminal window command line or fromthe Finder you first need an editor to create your script. Mac OS X comes with anumber of standard Unix command line editors, vim andemacs among them. If you want a more Mac-like editor,BBEdit or TextWrangler from Bare Bones Software (seehttp://www.barebones.com/products/bbedit/index.html) are good choices, as isTextMate (see https://macromates.com/). Other editors includeGvim (http://macvim-dev.github.io/macvim/) and Aquamacs(http://aquamacs.org/).

To run your script from the Terminal window you must make sure that/usr/local/bin is in your shell search path.

To run your script from the Finder you have two options:

  • Drag it to PythonLauncher

  • Select PythonLauncher as the default application to open yourscript (or any .py script) through the finder Info window and double-click it.PythonLauncher has various preferences to control how your script islaunched. Option-dragging allows you to change these for one invocation, or useits Preferences menu to change things globally.

4.1.2. Running scripts with a GUI¶

With older versions of Python, there is one Mac OS X quirk that you need to beaware of: programs that talk to the Aqua window manager (in other words,anything that has a GUI) need to be run in a special way. Use pythonwinstead of python to start such scripts.

With Python 3.8, you can use either python or pythonw.

4.1.3. Configuration¶

Python on OS X honors all standard Unix environment variables such asPYTHONPATH, but setting these variables for programs started from theFinder is non-standard as the Finder does not read your .profile or.cshrc at startup. You need to create a file~/.MacOSX/environment.plist. See Apple’s Technical Document QA1067 fordetails.

For more information on installation Python packages in MacPython, see sectionInstalling Additional Python Packages.

4.2. The IDE¶

MacPython ships with the standard IDLE development environment. A goodintroduction to using IDLE can be found athttp://www.hashcollision.org/hkn/python/idle_intro/index.html.

4.3. Installing Additional Python Packages¶

There are several methods to install additional Python packages:

  • Packages can be installed via the standard Python distutils mode (pythonsetup.pyinstall).

  • Many packages can also be installed via the setuptools extensionor pip wrapper, see https://pip.pypa.io/.

4.4. GUI Programming on the Mac¶

There are several options for building GUI applications on the Mac with Python.

PyObjC is a Python binding to Apple’s Objective-C/Cocoa framework, which isthe foundation of most modern Mac development. Information on PyObjC isavailable from https://pypi.org/project/pyobjc/.

The standard Python GUI toolkit is tkinter, based on the cross-platformTk toolkit (https://www.tcl.tk). An Aqua-native version of Tk is bundled with OSX by Apple, and the latest version can be downloaded and installed fromhttps://www.activestate.com; it can also be built from source.

wxPython is another popular cross-platform GUI toolkit that runs natively onMac OS X. Packages and documentation are available from https://www.wxpython.org.

PyQt is another popular cross-platform GUI toolkit that runs natively on MacOS X. More information can be found athttps://riverbankcomputing.com/software/pyqt/intro.

4.5. Distributing Python Applications on the Mac¶

The standard tool for deploying standalone Python applications on the Mac ispy2app. More information on installing and using py2app can be foundat http://undefined.org/python/#py2app.

4.6. Other Resources¶

The MacPython mailing list is an excellent support resource for Python users anddevelopers on the Mac:

Another useful resource is the MacPython wiki:

macOS Server 5.10 requires macOS Catalina 10.15 or later. After installing the macOS update, you can get macOS Server from the App Store. (To prevent interruption of services, new versions of Server aren't installed automatically, even when App Store preferences are set to install other updates automatically.)

During installation, you might see the message 'Server app replacement detected.' This is expected. All Server settings and data are preserved during the update, and you can use the Server app to finish setting up previously configured services after the update.

If you're upgrading from macOS Server 5.6.3 or earlier, learn about changes introduced in macOS Server 5.7.1.

What's new in macOS Server 5.10

Profile Manager

Profile Manager supports new restrictions, payloads, and commands.

For iOS and macOS

  • Content Caching: Automatically activate Internet Connection Sharing
  • VPN: Configure Provider Designated Requirement for Custom SSL connection type
  • VPN: Configure network options for Cisco, Juniper, Pulse, F5, SonicWall, Aruba, CheckPoint, and Custom SSL connection types
    • Send all traffic through VPN
    • Exclude local networks

For iOS

  • Disable Shared iPad temporary users

For macOS

  • Device Enrollment: Enable FileVault support on first user login
  • Query Content Caching information

What's new in macOS Server 5.9

Profile Manager

Profile Manager supports new restrictions, payloads, and commands.

For iOS, macOS, and tvOS

  • Wi-Fi: Configure WPA3 Personal security type

For iOS and macOS

  • Add consent text to manually downloadable and enrollment profiles
  • Skip Preferred Language and Supported Language panes in Setup Assistant
  • Configure extensible single sign-on payload

For iOS

  • Skip Dark Mode and Welcome panes in Setup Assistant
  • Configure new supervised-only restrictions for allowing external drive access in Files app, continuous path keyboards, and turning Wi-Fi off or on
  • Exchange ActiveSync: Enable Mail, Calendar, Contacts, and Reminders individually for managed accounts
  • Single App Mode: Configure Voice Control
  • Refresh enterprise eSIM cellular plans

For macOS

  • Support web-based authentication for Device Enrollment Program
  • Skip Screen Time and TouchID panes in Setup Assistant
  • Configure new account configuration options for DEP enrollment
  • Display Secure Boot and External Boot levels in Device Information
  • Support Bootstrap Token to enable mobile accounts to sign in on FileVault Macs
  • Manage Activation Lock: Enable Activation Lock, Clear Activation Lock, automatically fetch Activation Lock Bypass Code on Catalina-enrolled Macs
  • Configure automatic macOS updates and app updates
  • Dock: Configure double click, Recents, and tab settings
  • Configure associated web domains payload
  • Configure content caching as infrastructure

For tvOS

  • Configure whether device will sleep
App

What's new in macOS Server 5.8

Profile Manager

Profile Manager supports new restrictions, payloads, and commands.

For macOS

  • Export a predefined set of device information values for specified devices using a new command-line tool, exportDeviceInfo
  • Skip True Tone pane in Setup Assistant
  • Configure new restrictions: screenshot and remote screen observation
  • Configure Exchange Web Services authentication certificate
  • Configure Apple Remote Desktop access
  • Configure managed classes on student Mac computers
  • Configure Certificate Transparency payload

For iOS

  • Enable or disable Voice and Data Roaming and Personal Hotspot
  • Configure new restrictions: Personal Hotspot modification (supervised only)
  • Display phone number, ICCID, and IMEI details of enrolled Dual SIM devices
  • Configure Certificate Transparency payload

For tvOS

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  • Configure Managed Software Updates

What's new in macOS Server 5.7.1

Profile Manager

  • Configure an Apple Business Manager account
  • Install App Store apps for tvOS
  • Configure new restrictions, payloads, and commands:

For macOS

New Restrictions payload settings

  • Allow proximity based password sharing requests
  • Allow password sharing
  • Allow password autofill
  • Allow software update installation for non-admin users

New Exchange payload settings

  • Use OAuth for authentication

New Smart Card payload settings

  • Require Smart Card
  • Enable screen saver on Smart Card removal

New Passcode payload settings

  • Force password reset during next user authentication

New Security & Privacy payload settings

  • Show personal recovery key

New Education payload settings

  • Send to teacher-assigned Mac computers

New Xsan payload settings

  • Ability to configure automatic mounts
  • Ability to specify Distributed LAN Client mount preferences

For iOS

New Restrictions payload settings

  • Allow proximity based password sharing requests (supervised devices only)
  • Allow password sharing (supervised devices only)
  • Allow password autofill(supervised devices only)
  • Force automatic date and time (supervised devices only)
  • Allow USB restricted mode (supervised devices only)
  • Allow managed Contacts accounts to write to unmanaged accounts
  • Allow unmanaged Contacts accounts to read managed accounts
  • Disable eSIM (supervised devices only)

New Mail and Exchange payload settings

  • Allow a user to enable or disable S/MIME signing
  • Allow a user to modify the selection of the S/MIME signing certificate
  • Allow a user to enable or disable S/MIME encryption
  • Allow a user to modify the selection of the S/MIME encryption certificate

New Exchange payload settings

  • Use OAuth for authentication

New Notifications payload settings

  • Specify whether an app is allowed to send critical alerts
  • Allow grouped notifications
  • Show in CarPlay

New VPN payload settings for IKEv2 configurations

  • Ability to specify DNS server addresses
  • Ability to specify primary domain of the tunnel
  • Ability to specify DNS search domains
  • Ability to specify DNS supplemental match domains

New Setup Assistant pane Device Enrollment skip options

  • iMessage & FaceTime and Screen Time
  • Add Cellular Plan

Deprecated payloads

Best Macos Apps

  • macOS Server Accounts

New Commands

Macos Python Default

  • Show SIM information

For tvOS

New Restrictions payload settings

  • Allow proximity based password sharing requests (supervised devices only)

Macos Python Uninstall

New Commands

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  • Install Updates (only appears in the Action pop-up menu when updates are available on the selected Apple TV or Apple TV devices within a group)

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